Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is suitable for understanding how such beliefs impact adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours and provides a theoretical basis for behaviour change interventions designed to modify them. Intention, self-efficacy (ie, confidence in performing the behaviour) and outcome expectancy or behavioural efficacy (ie, anticipated consequences of the behaviour) have been shown to predict preventive behaviours of physical distancing (ie, maintaining 1-2 m of distance from people in other households), handwashing and mask-wearing. Research on the individual determinants of transmission-preventive behaviours provides evidence of other potentially modifiable targets for behaviour change interventions to help during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing knowledge through information provision is generally considered necessary, but insufficient for health behaviour change. Encouraging individual adherence to these behaviours is challenging, requiring input and evidence from behavioural science. Globally, government guidance and legislation have advocated and coerced evidence-based transmission preventive behaviours including physical distancing, good hygiene practices such as handwashing, and mask-wearing. Effective public health communications are critical in preventing the spread of COVID-19.
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